They called this instantaneous motion as tat-kalika (Sanskrit for instantaneous velocity ) and gave the formula for it long back. Now this problem was not new to Hindu astronomers Aryabhata (476–550 CE) and Brahmagupta. Question 1: How to calculate an instantaneous speed (or rate of change) of something rather than just an average speed (integral calculus). The story of Original Calculus by IndiaĬalculus begins with two simple questions that cannot be solved using only algebra and geometry. Largely, Greece had not yet developed any concepts of calculus on their own. Later on, drawing on these concepts, Euclid (300 BCE) published ‘Elements’ in 13 books with several results (including above) and came to be known as the ‘father of geometry’. Some of his best inventions included screw pump, pulleys, and defensive war machines to protect his native Syracuse from invasion. However, he had no contribution to Calculus. Archimedes was able to use some infinitesimals in a way that is similar to modern integral calculus of today. 337 BC), student of Plato, who proved areas of circles and squares. Now, the only precursor to calculus was the method of exhaustion used by Antiphon (5th century BC) – and later by Archimedes (c. 287 – c. 212 BC) and Exodus (c. Nevertheless, geometry was founding its roots with his theorems. 495 BC) are still debatable – so as of Aristotle (384–322 BC) for his influential and aesthetic philosophy over his mathematical abilities. 624–548 BC) who gave Thales theorem and Intercept theorem using deductive proofs. Then followed the ages of classical Greece, Hellenistic period (323-146 BC), end of “Ancient Greece” (30 BC), emergence of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire (5th century AD), end of Antiquity culminating in the Early Middle Ages (600–1000 AD).īeginning of elementary geometry is credited to Thales (ca. 800 BC) to classical antiquity (8 th –7 th century BC – times of Homer), no evidence of development related to calculus or geometry can be found. This happened via either trade, missions of Jesuit priests, in the name of European scholarly pursuits and scholarly translations of existing Indian mathematical and astronomical systems.įrom Greek Dark Ages (c. This all started in 16 th century from Greece and with the help of Arabs who retransmitted almost everything what they had learnt from India to Europe. Not only this, nearly all the fundamental knowledge in Astronomy, navigation, agriculture and mathematics that European countries claim to have mastered was either taken as it is from India to Europe or was translated and secretly transported to Europe in a ‘mission’ mode. The fact of the research and matter is that Calculus was neither a European invention nor anything close was the subject of their thoughts until the dire needs of the Church to travel abroad and spread Christianity had them stumbled upon the vast Indian mathematical knowledge-body.īut sadly, the history of (mathematical and other) science as commonly taught to us in India is mostly and ‘falsely’ Eurocentric. When in fact, all they did is mostly application and compilation of the existing Indian results. The story of Calculus is intriguing and reveals that our Indian mathematical system was not only far advanced and ahead by centuries, in concepts, calculations and precisions, from the rest of the world, but was also subjected to unlimited appropriations by westerners to claim it as their own.
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